Perilaku Pencegahan Rehipertensi: Studi pada Warga Desa Poleganyara Sulawesi Tengah

Abstract

Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia menunjukan data yang mengkuatirkan, tidak terkecuali di Sulawesi Tengah. Studi pendahuluan di desa Poleganyara, Poso Sulawesi Tengah didapati jumlah penderita hipertensi sebanyak 408 orang (32,69%) dari total 1334 penduduk, sedangkan kunjungan pasien hipertensi ke Puskesmas Pembantu hanya berjumlah 23 orang. Hal ini menunjukkan jumlah kunjungan ke Puskesmas yang sedikit dan banyak yang memilih alternatif sendiri dalam menangani hipertensi. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan perilaku pencegahan rehipertensi pada klien hipertensi di desa Poleganyara. Pengukuran tekanan darah dan observasi dilakukan dan untuk mengetahui perilaku pencegahan rehipertensi dilakukan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) pada 30 partisipan penderita hipertensi. Hasil pengukuran tekanan darah dari 30 riset partisipan (RP) menunjukan adanya perubahan nilai tekanan darah berdasarkan derajat hipertensi menurut kategori JNC VII. Saat mendapatkan hipertensi, 13 RP berada pada hipertesi derajat I: 140-159 atau 90-99 (mmHg); 17 RP pada hipertensi derajat II: >160 atau >100 (mmHg). Setelah menerapkan perilaku pencegahan rehipertensi, dilakukan pengukuran dan didapati kategori derajat hipertensi menurun yakni menjadi Normal : <120 atau <80 (mmHg) dengan 1 RP dengan umur 37 tahun. prehipertensi : 120-139 atau 80-89 (mmHg) 19 RP kisaran umur 41-76 tahun; Hipertensi derajat 1 : 140-159 atau 90-99 (mmHg) 9 RP kisaran umur 46-78 tahun.Usaha-usaha pencegahan rehipertensi yaitu: (a) upaya pengecekan tekanan darah (frekuensi pengecekan tekanan darah, tempat pengukuran tekanan darah dan nilai tekanan darah), (b) mengatur pola konsumsi (garam, MSG, daging, sayuran dan buah-buahan), (c) pola tidur (jam tidur malam, tidur siang dan lamanya waktu tidur), (d) aktivitas fisik (dalam bentuk kegiatan fisik di rumah, sawah, dan kebun), (e) pengendalian stress (meluapkan emosi, aktivitas fisik, interaksi sosial, tidur dan aktivitas spiritual), (f) penggunaan ramuan tradisional dan obat medis (kemangi, daun jarak, sambiloto, daun belimbing, daun salam, daun sirsak, daun papaya, mengkudu dan obat medis yaitu katopril) serta merokok dan alkohol.

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia shows alarming data. Causes of hypertension depends on the circumstances, such as increasing physical activity, emotional stress and better lifestyle includes eating patterns and habits such as smoking and alcohol behavior. The results of pre-research shows the number of patients with hypertension in Poleganyara village, Central Sulawesi is about 408 (32,69%) hypertensive patients of the total 1334 population while the patients who visit the health center only about 23 people because many of them choose their own alternative in treating hypertension. This study describes the behavior of the client with prevention of hypertension in the Poleganyara village. The measurement of blood pressure and observation done and to know behavior prevention of re-hypertension with in-depth interviews were conducted on 30 participants patients hypertension. The measurement result of blood pressure than 30 research participants (RP) indicated a change of value in the blood pressure based on degrees hypertension according to JNC VII category. Previously while getting a hypertension is 13 RP is at stage I hypertension: 140-159 or 90-99 (mmHg); 17 RP in stage II hypertension:> 160 or> 100 (mmHg). After implementing prevention behavior of re-hypertension which support by blood pressure measurements, found decreases category degrees of hypertension is Normal: <120 or <80 (mm Hg) with 1 RP at the age of 37 years; be prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89 (mmHg) 19 RP a range of age 41-76 years; Hypertension degrees 1: 140-159 or 90-99 (mmHg) 9 RP aged between 46-78 years. The results showed a variety of behavioral prevention of hypertension is (a) such us an effort of blood pressure checks (the frequency of checking blood pressure, a blood pressure measurement and blood pressure values), (b) set the pattern of consumption (salt, MSG, meat, vegetables and fruits), (c) sleep patterns (hours of nightly sleep, naps and duration of sleep), (d) physical activity (in the form of physical activity at home, fields, and gardens), (e) stress management (vent emotions, physical activity, social interaction, sleep and spiritual activity), (f) the use of traditional ingredients and medical drugs (basil, Ricinus leaves, green chiretta leaf, starfruit leaves, Indian bayleaf, leaves of the soursop, papaya leaf, noni and catopril as medicine), (g) smoking and alcohol.