Pengaruh Vinasse sebagai Pembenah Tanah terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr) = The Effect of Vinasse as Soil Conditioner to Soil Physical, Growth, and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

Abstract

Vinasse merupakan sisa akhir dari pembuatan etanol yang memiliki kandungan bahan organik serta unsur hara yang cukup tinggi, sehingga berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai pembenah tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pembenah tanah vinasse terhadap sifat fisik tanah, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tanaman kedelai, 2) menentukan rentang dosis optimal pembenah tanah vinasse terhadap sifat fisik tanah, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Juni–Desember 2015 di Desa Talok, Kecamatan Susukan, Kabupaten Semarang, Laboratorium Tanah, Laboratorium Benih dan Pengolahan Hasil Pertanian FPB UKSW. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah dosis pembenah tanah vinasse 0 m3ha-1, 20 m3ha-1, 40 m3ha-1, 60 m3ha-1, dan 80 m3ha-1. Analisis data hasil pengamatan menggunakan metode sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ pada taraf 5%. Penentuan dosis optimal menggunakan kurva polinomial orde 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vinasse sebagai pembenah tanah berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kadar air kapasitas lapang, permeabilitas tanah, berat polong per tanaman, berat biji per petak netto, berat 100 biji, dan berat biji per hektar. Rentang dosis optimal untuk aplikasi pembenah tanah vinasse terhadap fisik tanah dan hasil tanaman kedelai yaitu 40 m3ha-1 - 60 m3ha-1.

Vinasse is a final residual from ethanol production that possessed high organic matter and nutrients, so it has potential to be used as soil conditioner. The purpose of this research were: 1) to know the effect of vinasse as soil conditioner on the soil physical characteristic, the growth, and yield of soybean, 2) to determine the optimum dosage of vinasse as soil conditioner which result in the best soil physical characteristic, the growth, and yield of soybean. The research was implemented on June to Desember 2015 at Talok village, Susukan district, Semarang regency, Laboratory of Soil, Laboratory of Seed and post harvest processing laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana. The experiments was established in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replication. The treatment was vinasse application dosages at 0 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1, 40 m3 ha-1, 60 m3 ha-1, and 80 m3 ha-1. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method and Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at significant level of α=0,05. A second Orde of polynomial curve was used to determine the optimum dosage. The result of showed that various vinasse application dosages had significant difference on field capacity of soil water, soil permeability, the weight of pod per crop, yield per netto plot, the weight of 100 seeds and yield per hectare. The optimum dosage of vinasse application as soil conditioner according to the soil physical characteristic, and yield of soybean was between 40 m3 ha-1-60 m3 ha-1.