Pengaruh Jarak Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Umbi Benih Generasi Satu (G1) Menggunakan Setek Tunas Umbi dari Beberapa Varietas Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) = The Effect of Spacing Distance on The Growth and First Generation (G1) of Seed Tuber Production from The Sprout Cutting of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties

Abstract

Jarak tanam pada tanaman kentang dapat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi umbi benih generasi satu (G1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi umbi benih kentang G1, (2) pengaruh varietas kentang terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi umbi benih kentang G1, (3) interaksi varietas dan jarak tanam, dan (4) jarak tanam yang mampu menghasilkan produksi umbi benih kentang G1 tertinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu (BALITSA), Lembang, Jawa Barat dari bulan September sampai bulan Desember 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK pola faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor A adalah jarak tanam (8 cm x 8 cm, 9 cm x 9 cm, 10 cm x 10 cm) dan faktor B adalah varietas (Amabile, Medians, Kastanum, Cingkariang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Semakin lebar jarak tanam meningkatkan lebar kanopi, bobot brangkasan kering, jumlah dan bobot total umbi benih berukuran (10-29,9 g), tetapi menurunkan tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah stolon. (2) Kastanum tertinggi dan Medians terendah pada bobot brangkasan kering tanaman, tetapi Medians tertinggi dan Kastanum terendah pada jumlah dan bobot umbi benih kentang G1. (3) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara jarak tanam dan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi benih kentang. (4) Jarak tanam yang menghasilkan produksi total umbi benih kentang G1 tertinggi adalah 9 cm x 9 cm.

The crop spacing distance of potato can affect on the growth and seed tuber G1 production. This study aims were to determine (1) the effect of plant spacing on plant growth and the production of potato seed tubers G1, (2) the effect of potato varieties to plant growth and the production of potato seed tubers G1, (3) interaction of the plant spacing distance and varieties, and (4) the spacing of which is capable of producing the highest seed potato tubers G1. The research was conducted at experimental field Margahayu, Institude Vegetables Research (IVEGRI), Lembang, West Java from September to December 2015. This study used RCBD in factorial experiment with two factors. Factor A is a spacing (8 cm x 8 cm, 9 cm x 9 cm , 10 cm x 10 cm) and factor B are varieties (Amabile, Medians, Kastanum, Cingkariang). The results showed that: (1) The wider spacing of further increased the width of the canopy, the dry weight of plant shoot, the total amount and weight of seed tuber G1 (10-29,9 g), but decreased the height of plant and stolons. (2) Kastanum have the highest and Medians have the lowest of the dry weight of plant shoot, but Medians had highest and Kastanum had the lowest of the amount and weight of seed tuber G1. (3) There was no interaction between plant spacing and varieties on growth and yield of potato seed tubers. (4) The plant spacing of which was capable on producing the highest seed potato tubers G1 was 9 cm x 9 cm.