Sintesis Pewarna Alami Kulit Telur Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix L.) Secara Kompleksasi dengan Ion Al3+ = Synthesis of Natural Dyes from Quail Eggshell (Coturnix coturnix L.) Using Al3+ Complexation

Abstract

This study aims were to determine the optimum conditions in terms of protoporphyrin IX extraction solvent compositions, methods, and extraction cycle from quail eggshell, and ato optimize complexation process of protoporphyrin IX and ion Al3+ using Respon Surface Method (RSM). Quail eggshell extraction was optimized based on extraction method (maceration and ultrasonic method), solvent, and cycle of extraction. RSM was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) of 33 model. Variabel was performed based on mol ratio, pH and temperature. The assay protoporphyrin IX was done using UV-VIS spectroscopy and determined using the Lambert-Beer equation. The results showed that quail eggshell extract contained protoporphyrin IX. It can be seen from the spectra and has been already matched with spectra protoporphyrin IX standard. Optimum condition of protoporphyrin IX extraction were obtained by using methanol 96% and HCl(c) 5% (v/v). Extraction was performed using maceration method. Protoporphyrin IX content in the extract was 1.92 × 10-2 % w/w. Optimum protoporphyrin IX extraction cycle was achieved at 3 cycles. Protoporphyrin IX extract was fractionated with chloroform. Fractionation with chloroform caused structural changes into protoporphyrin dimethyl ester and made discoloration of extract solution. Based on RSM model, the optimum condition of complexation between Al3+ and protoporphyrin IX were present at pH 5; ratio of 1: 3 (mol: mol); temperature of 30 oC. The RSM polynomial equation for optimization of the complex protoporphyrin IX- Al3+ is affected by the interaction between pH and ratio ; and ratio with temperature.