Pengaruh Kolkisina terhadap Level Ploidi dan Kandungan Rebaudiosida-A Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Abstract

Induksi poliploid menggunakan kolkisina dapat meningkatkan level ploidi dan kandungan rebaudiosida-a stevia. Proses induksi poliploid dilakukan secara kultur jaringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan lama waktu induksi yang tepat terhadap peningkatan level ploidi stevia dan kadar rebaudiosida A serta menghasilkan stevia poliploid dengan kandungan rebaudiosida-a yang tinggi. Pelaksanaan penelitian di Laboratorium kultur jaringan Fakultas Pertanian dan Bisnis pada bulan januari 2018 – Februari 2019. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah perbedaan waktu induksi yaitu 0, 24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam. Variabel pengamatan meliputi jumlah eksplan hidup dan mati, jumlah tunas tumbuh, level ploidi, ukuran dan kepadatan stomata, kadar klorofil, kadar Rebaudiosida-A. Hasil pengamatan yang memenuhi kaidah sidik ragam akan dianalisis dengan model linier tergeneralisir jika ada signifikansi dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan semakin lama waktu induksi menurunkan eksplan hidup, induksi selama 72 jam menghasilkan pertumbuhan tunas paling tinggi, induksi selama 24 jam menghasilkan tanaman mixoploid(2n=2x+4x) 13,63% dan menghasilkan Rebaudiosida tertinggi yaitu 4,286 ± 0,537%, eksplan mixoploid memiliki ukuran stomata besar, kepadatan stomata rendah, dan kadar klorofil tinggi dari pada eksplan diploid.

Polyploid induction using cholchicine can improve ploidy level and Rebaudiosida-A content of Stevia. Polyploid induction process was carried out by tissue culture. The aim of this research is to know the effect of induction time to ploidy level and Rebaudiosida-A content and also producing of Stevia polyploids with high rebaudiosida-a content. The research was start at January 2018 until February 2019. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture laboratory of Agriculture and Business Faculty. Research design that used is randomized block design with 5 treatment and 5 replication. The treatment that used was the difference in induction time that is 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The observation variable were live and die explant, the number of shoots grows, ploidy level, stomata size and density, chlorophyll content, and rebaudiosia-A content. The observations that meet the rules of variance will be analyzed by generalized linear model if there is significance followed by the DMR test at a 5% confidence interval. The results of the research showed that the longer of induction time decreased explants live, induction for 72-hours resulted in the highest growth of shoots, 24-hour induction produced mixoploid plants (2n=2x+4x) 13.63% and produced the highest Rebaudiosida which was 2.978 ± 0.078% , mixoploid explants had large stomata size, low stomata density, and high chlorophyll content