Optimasi Ekstraksi Rendemen dan Komposisi Minyak Atsiri Tumbuhan Suruh-Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L.) Ditinjau dari Lama Pengeringan dan Waktu Distilasi

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, menentukan rendemen minyak atsiri P. pellucida optimum ditinjau dari lama pengeringan, waktu distilasi dan interaksinya. Kedua, menentukan komposisi minyak atsiri menggunakan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC – MS) dan sifat fisikawi minyak atsiri P. pellucida. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Perlakuan Faktorial (4 x 3) dengan rancangan dasar Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 3 kali ulangan. Sebagai kelompok adalah waktu analisis. Pengujian antar rataan perlakuan dilakukan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan tingkat kebermaknaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataan rendemen optimum diperoleh sebesar 0,206 ± 0,085 % pada lama pengeringan 48 jam dan waktu distilasi 2 jam. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan berwarna kuning kecoklatan, bobot jenis sebesar 1,116 g/mL, dan indeks bias sebesar 1 (nisbah minyak atsiri : etanol 70% = 1 : 49 v/v). Komposisi senyawa dominan yang terkandung dalam minyak atsiri P. pellucida yaitu dillapiole (35,30%), (+)-carotol (19,36%), dan β caryophyllene (11,18%).

The objectives of this study are: Firstly, to determine the optimum yield of P. pellucida’s essential oil as revealed by the drying time, the duration of distillation time and its interaction. Secondly, to determine the essential oil composition using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC - MS) and the physical properties of P. pellucida’s essential oil. Data analysed by the Factorial Design (4 x 3) and it was laid out with the Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), 3 replications. As a group is the time of analysis. Testing between treatment means were carried out using Honestly Significant Differences (HSD) with 5% significance level of confidence. The results of this study showed that: the optimum yield of the essential oil rendemen was obtained in the amount of 0,206 ± 0,085 % at 48 hours of drying time and 2 hours of distillation time. The physical properties of essential oil rendemen are as followed: brownish yellow color, 1.116 g/mL density, and a refractive index of 1 (essential oil ratio : 70% ethanol = 1 : 49 v/v). The dominant compound contained in the P. pellucida’s essential oil were dillapiole (35.30%), (+) - carotol (19.36%), and β caryophyllene (11.18%), respectively.