Pengaruh Hidrasi-Dehidrasi terhadap Karakter Biokimiawi dan Mutu Fisiologis Benih Kedelai Hitam Varietas Detam 1 dan Detam 4 Prida (Glycine soya Merr.)

Abstract

Penelitian pengaruh hidrasi-dehidrasi terhadap mutu biokimiawi dan fisiologis benih kedelai hitam varietas Detam 1 dan Detam 4 Prida dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Benih FPB UKSW. Tujuan penelitian ini: (1) mengetahui pengaruh hidrasi terhadap tingkat hidrasi/kadar air, indikasi biokimia, dan mutu fisiologis pada kedua varietas benih; (2) mengetahui perlakuan hidrasi untuk mutu fisiologis benih terbaik; (3) mengetahui pengaruh hidrasi-dehidrasi pada kedua varietas; (4) mengetahui perlakuan hidrasi-dehidrasi yang menghasilkan daya berkecambah (DB) tertinggi. Metode penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah (RPT) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama merupakan varietas benih. Anak petak merupakan metode priming (hidrasi) yang terdiri dari 7 taraf, yaitu kontrol benih tanpa priming (B0), lama perendaman 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 jam dengan total lama perendaman dan pemeraman 18 jam (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 dan B6). Larutan PEG-6000 20% digunakan untuk menghidrasi benih. Selanjutnya benih dikeringkan (dehidrasi) dengan suhu 35±1oC selama 24 jam dan 37,5±1oC selama 13 jam hingga KA ≤ 12%. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) semakin lama waktu perendaman tingkat hidrasi meningkat, daya hantar listrik (DHL) dan asam lemak bebas (ALB) menurun, tidak memperbaiki DB, kecepatan tumbuh (KCT), keserempakan tumbuh (KST), dan protein; (2) perlakuan hidrasi (priming) hanya memperbaiki DHL varietas Detam 1 perlakuan B5-B6 dan Detam 4 Prida perlakuan B3-B6; (3) perlakuan hidrasi-dehidrasi meningkatkan KA; tidak mempengaruhi DHL, kandungan protein, ALB, dan KST pada kedua varietas. Diamati perlakuan hidrasi-dehidrasi pada varietas Detam 1 kandungan prolin tetap dan mutu fisiologis benih menurun, sedangkan Detam 4 Prida meningkatkan kandungan prolin dan mempertahankan mutu fisiologis benih; (4) DB tertinggi varietas Detam 1 diamati ada pada benih yang tidak diberi perlakuan hidrasi-dehidrasi (B0), sedangkan varietas Detam 4 Prida, DB semua perlakuan sama.

This research is about the effect of hydration-dehydration on biochemical and physiological black soybean quality of Detam 1 and Detam 4 Prida varieties was conducted at Agrotechnology Seed Laboratory, SWCU. The purposes are: (1) determine hydration effect on hydration level/water content (Wc), biochemical and physiological quality of seed varieties; (2) knowing hydration treatment for the best physiological seeds quality; (3) determine hydration-dehydration effect for each variety; (4) determine hydration-dehydration treatment which produces the highest seed germination (SG) percentage. This research used Split Plot Design method with 3 replications. The main plots are seed varieties. The subplot is priming (hydration) method, it consists of 7 levels: seed control without priming (B0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours soaking time, soaking and curing durations total were 18 hours (B1, B2 , B3, B4, B5 and B6). PEG-6000 20% solution was used for seeds hydrate. Furthermore, the seeds were dried (dehydrated) at temperature of 35 ± 1oC for 24 hours and 37.5 ± 1oC for 13 hours until Wc value ≤ 12%. The results are: (1) the longer soaking time will increase hydration level, decrease electrical conductivity (EC) and free fatty acids (FFA), can’t improve SG, growth speed (GS), growth simultaneity (GST), and protein; (2) hydration treatment (priming) only can repair EC value, which are B5-B6 treatments for Detam 1 and B3-B6 treatments for Detam 4 Prida; (3) hydration-dehydration treatment increases Wc; didn’t affect EC, protein content, FFA, and GST for both of varieties. Hydration-dehydration treatment for Detam 1 variety can remained proline content but decreased physiological seeds quality, while for Detam 4 Prida, it increased proline content and maintained physiological seeds quality; (4) The highest SG value of Detam 1

variety was observed in control treatment (B0), while for Detam 4 Prida variety, it was same in all of treatments.