Perbandingan Pertumbuhan, Kuantitas dan Kualitas Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) pada Beberapa Alternatif Sistem Budidaya Organik dan Konvensional

Abstract

Pertumbuhan, kuantitas produksi, dan kualitas produk pertanian organik dan konvensional selalu menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, kuantitas dan kualitas tanaman kale yang dibudidayakan dengan beberapa alternatif sistem pertanian organik dan konvensional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Salaran, Fakultas Pertanian dan Bisnis Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, pada bulan Mei hingga bulan Juni 2019. Terdapat dua sistem pertanian organik dan dua sistem pertanian konvensional yang diuji: SPO1 (pupuk kandang ayam), SPO2 (pupuk kandang sapi), SPK1 (pupuk anorganik dosis 1), dan SPK2 (pupuk anorganik dosis 2). Setiap perlakuan diulang enam kali dan dikalikan dua untuk uji kuantitas dan kualitas. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan parameter pertumbuhan meliputi jumlah daun, diameter tajuk dan diameter batang. Parameter kuantitas meliputi berat berangkasan basah dan kering akar serta tajuk, dengan parameter terakhir yaitu parameter kualitas yang terdiri dari kadar vitamin C daun, kandungan klorofil a, klorofil b, total klorofil, dan total karotenoid daun. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji sidik ragam dan uji lanjut BNJ dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil uji sidik ragam, sistem pertanian organik dan konvensional yang digunakan perpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter kecuali kandungan vitamin C daun. Perlakuan SPO1 menunjukan pertumbuhan dan kuantitas terbaik meliputi jumlah daun 13,5, diameter tajuk 58,08 cm, diameter batang 1,2 cm, berat berangkasan basah akar 26,83 g dan tajuk 213,86 g, serta berat berangkasan kering akar 7,33 g dan tajuk 25,99 g. Kualitas kale terendah diperoleh dari perlakuan SPO2 dan nilainya berbeda nyata dengan tiga perlakuan lainnya.

Growth, production quantity, and quality of organic and conventional agricultural product are always being debated. This study aims to determine the growth, quantity and quality of kale that are cultivated with several alternative of organic and conventional farming systems. The study was conducted at Salaran Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Satya Wacana Christian University, from May to June 2019. There are two organic farming systems and two conventional farming systems that have been tested, SPO1(chicken manure), SPO2(cow manure), SPK1(inorganic fertilizer 1), and SPK2(inorganic fertilizer 2) which will be repeated six times and multiplied by two for quantity and quality test. The study used a randomized block design, with growth parameters namely number of leaves, crown diameter and stem diameter. Quantity parameters include wet and dry root and canopy weight, also quality parameters consisting of leaf vitamin C, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids content. Data were analyzed using variance test with Tukey follow-up test with α=5%. Based on the results of variance tests, the organic and conventional farming systems used significantly affect all parameters except the vitamin C content. The SPO1 treatment gave best growth and quantity including number of leaves 13.5, diameter of canopy 58.08 cm, stem diameter of 1.2 cm, wet root weight of 26.83 g and crown of 213.86 g, root dry weight of 7, 33 g and crown of 25, 99 g. For quality parameters, SPO2 treatment gave lowest result, and there are no significant difference occurs in three other treatments.