Risk Based Supervision : Studi Komparasi Penerapannya di Amerika, India dan Indonesia

Abstract

Kondisi perbankan di suatu negara yang semakin berkembang dari waktu ke waktu tidak akan cukup efektif apabila hanya diawasi dengan cara tradisional yakni dengan model Compliance Based Supervision (CBS) atau model kepatuhan saja, melainkan harus diawasi dari berbagai ancaman dan potensi risiko di dalam perbankan. Model yang bisa mendukung pengawasan tersebut ialah Risk Based Supervision (RBS) atau model pengawasan berdasarkan risiko. Banyak negara yang mulai bermigrasi pada pengawasan perbankan dengan model RBS, diantaranya Amerika, India, dan Indonesia. Amerika sendiri merupakan pioneer dari RBS, kemudian disusul oleh India dan selanjutnya Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengalaman dua negara yang lebih dulu menerapkan RBS yakni Amerika dan India, maka pelajaran yang dapat diambil oleh Indonesia ialah mengetatkan pengawasan dalam hal perijinan pendirian bank agar perbankan Indonesia tidak semakin obesitas dan nantinya dapat menimbulkan contagion effect terhadap bank-bank lain. Selain itu, kealpaan pengawasan oleh Amerika yang menyebabkan terjadinya krisis 2008 menjadi pelajaran bahwa Indonesia harus peka terhadap potensi risiko dari kegiatan bisnis yang dijalankan oleh bank maupun kegiatan bisnis yang memberi pendapatan besar bagi bank.

From time to time, banking conditions in a developing country would not be effective enough if it is only observed with traditional-based supervision such as with Compliance Based Supervision (CBS) model or obedience model. Instead, it need to ne observed from every aspect, every possible angle where problems and threats might arise, and also from risk potential in banking. The one model which can support the observation in banking is Risk Based Supervision (RBS), a model that observe a risk that might arise at a later time. A lot of country had already change their supervision method with rbs, such as America, India, and Indonesia. America itself is a pioneer concerning the use of rbs, then India, and then Indonesia. According to those two country who had already use rbs (America & India), Indonesia should learn is that to tighten supervision in granting license to create a new bank so that Indonesia's banking would not grow overly obese, and might lead to contagion effect to other bank. Aside from that, the absence of supervisor by America which resulted in 2008's crisis is also a lesson Indonesia can take into account so that Indonesia must be sensitive to potential risks from business activity which is taken care of by bank themselves and their sources of income. That is why RBS is important to be applied in Indonesia.