Identifikasi Faktor-faktor Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Abstract

Latar Belakang penelitian adalah anemia dapat terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan kondisi kekurangan sel darah merah pada trimester I - II memiliki kadar hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 gr/dl dan trimester III < 10,5 gr/dl. Penyebab anemia kehamilan diantaranya kekurangan zat besi, pendarahan akut, jarak kehamilan terlalu dekat, paritas, umur ibu, dan pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui faktor–faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Metode penelitian adalah desain penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan survey analitik, dilakukan di wilayah Kecamatan Amahai–Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini Cross Sectional Survey, kriterianya ibu hamil trimester II - III menderita Anemia di wilayah Kecamatan Amahai. Hasil penelitian dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, yaitu usia ibu hamil berkisar 20 – 35 tahun (81%), berpendidikan SMA (71%), pekerjaan Ibu Rumah Tangga (84%). Pengetahuan ibu hamil cukup (81%). Kepatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet Fe tidak patuh (74%). Sosial budaya dengan kategori mitos atau pantangan makan (68%), pengobatan dan pencegahan anemia (90%). Riwayat kehamilan kategori usia kehamilan trimester II (77%), trimester III (23%), kadar Hb kurang (100%), status paritas Primigravida (48%), penyulit kehamilan (13%). Layanan kesehatan Antenatal Care, yaitu tidak rutin melakukan kunjungan (32%), petugas periksaan kehamilan oleh Bidan (84%), tempat pemeriksaan kehamilan diluar fasilitas kesehatan (68%), tidak mendapatkan pengetahuan, informasi dan pengetahuan (10%). Rerata semua kebutuhan gizi ibu hamil berkategori kurang dari 80% angka kecukupan gizi, begitupula juga rerata persentasenya. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian menyatakan berbagai faktor saling berkaitan, perlu pemberian informasi yang mudah dipahami ibu hamil dengan memanfaatkan kader kesehatan setempat.

Background of the study was that anemia may occur in pregnant women whose hemoglobin (Hb) levels <11 g/dl on the first and second trimester and <10.5 g/dl on the third trimester. The causes of anemia in pregnancy include iron deficiency, acute bleeding, close-distance pregnancy, maternal age, and education. This study aimed to identify factors influencing anemia in pregnant women. The study used descriptive quantitative research design method with an analytical survey approach conducted in Amahai District - Central Maluku Regency. The sampling technique was Cross-Sectional Survey, with the criteria of pregnant women in the second and third trimester suffering from anemia in Amahai District. This was influenced by various factors, including age range of pregnant women (81%), highschool education (71%), housewives (84%), insufficient knowledge of pregnancy (81%), incompliance to consume Fe tablets (74%), culturally food restrictions (68%), and treatment and prevention of anemia (90%). Also, pregnancy history on the second (77%) and third trimester (23%), low hemoglobin level (100%), primigravida parity status (48%), and pregnancy complications (13%). Moreover, irregular ANC visits due to the distance of residence (32%), village midwives carrying out pregnancy examinations (84%), examination places outside the health facilities (68%), and insufficient information of pregnancy (10%). To sum up, the average nutritional needs of pregnant women were categorized as less than 80% of the nutritional adequacy rate (AKG). In conclusion, the factors in this study are related, however, it is necessary to provide information that is easily comprehended by pregnant women to utilize local health personnel.