Hubungan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga dengan Status Gizi Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muturi, Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni

Abstract

Masalah kurang gizi pada anak bawah lima tahun (balita) dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga. Dampak dari masalah gizi kurang yaitu terganggunya tumbuh kembang anak. Peneliti tertarik meneliti terkait dengan Sosial Ekonomi dan Status Gizi Balita di Puskesmas Muturi karena berbagai tingkat status sosial ekonomi di Teluk Bintuni berdasarkan data BPS dan masalah gizi kurang berdasarkan data yang didapat dari puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga (pendidikan ayah dan ibu, pekerjaan ayah dan ibu, penghasilan keluarga, dan jumlah anggota keluarga) dengan status gizi anak balita (BB/U) di Puskesmas Muturi, Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Data dikumpul menggunakan kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, dan pencatatan umur balita dengan melibatkan 78 responden anak balita dan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data diperoleh akan dianalisis univariat dan bivariate atau uji korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 87,2% berat badan normal dan 12,8% balita dengan berat badan kurang. Pendidikan ayah signifikan berhubungan dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p=0,034; r=0,240) dan pekerjaan ibu signifikan berhubungan dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p=0,022; r=0,259). Berdasarkan data kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa, terdapat hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi yaitu pendidikan ayah dan pekerjaan ibu dengan status gizi balita. Menanggapi hal ini maka orang tua balita perlu memperhatikan kebutuhan gizi anak dari segi kualitas dan kuantitas makanan yang dikonsumsi.

The problem of undernutrition in children under five years (toddlers) is influenced by socio-economic factors of the family. The impact of the problem of undernutrition is the disruption of child growth and development. Researchers are interested in researching related to the Socio-Economic and Nutritional Status of Toddlers at the Muturi Health Center because of the various levels of socioeconomic status in Bintuni Bay, BPS data and nutritional problems based on data obtained from the puskesmas. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between family socio-economic factors (father and mother's education, father and mother's occupation, family income, and number of family members) with the nutritional status of children under five (BB/U) at the Muturi Health Center, Teluk Bintuni Regency. The research method used is analytic observational method with cross sectional design. Data were collected using questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and recording the age of children under five involving 78 respondents under five and selected by purposive sampling. The data obtained will be analyzed by univariate and bivariate or Pearson correlation test. The results showed that 87.2% of normal body weight and 12.8% of children under five were underweight. Father's education was significantly related to nutritional status of children under five years old based on BW/U index (p=0.034; r=0.240) and mother's occupation was significantly related to nutritional status of toddlers based on BW/U index (p=0.022; r=0.259). Based on the data, it can be said that there are socio-economic factors, namely the father's education and the mother's occupation with the nutritional status of children under five. In response to this, parents of toddlers need to pay attention to the nutritional needs of children in terms of the quality and quantity of food consumed.