Evolvement dan Ambiguitas dalam Desain Organisasi: Studi Kasus Sistem Presbiterial Sinodal di Gereja Protestan Maluku

Abstract

Tantangan konteks organisasi Gereja yang dinamis mendeterminasinya untuk mengadaptasikan arsitektur institusinya agar tetap survive ditengah perubahan lingkungannya. Kiprah organisasi Gereja ditelusuri melalui evolvement organisasi serta ambiguitas yang melingkupi pemilihan sistem pengorganisasian Gereja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evolvement organisasi Gereja Protestan Maluku, untuk menjelaskan bagaimana ambiguitas muncul dan dikelola dalam pemilihan desain organisasi Gereja Protestan Maluku, serta untuk mengetahui desain organisasi yang dapat mengurai ambiguitas dan uncertainty avoidance dalam Gereja Protestan Maluku. Penelitian mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan dimensi etnografi serta tehknik Triangulasi (Observasi, Wawancara, Dokumentasi). Wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan kunci dan observasi pada lokus Sinode, Klasis, Jemaat dalam lingkup Gereja Protestan Maluku. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan, PS adalah mekanisme yang terorganisir secara bottom-up dari Jemaat-Klasis-Sinode. Konsepsi ini diadopsi GPM untuk mendesain arsitektur organisasinya namun dengan pendekatan top-down yang tersentralistik dari Sinode-Klasis-Jemaat. Siklus pengorganisasian (top-down dan bottom-up) diatur didalam Tata Gereja dan Peraturan Pokok yang juga meliputi pemisahan kewenangan (separation of power) jenjang struktur organisasi. Level Sinode mendesain program strategis (sentralisasi visi), Klasis mendesain program koordinatif (Desentralisasi Prakarsa-Renstra Klasis) dan pada level Jemaat mendesain program implementatif (Desentralisasi Prakarsa-Renstra Jemaat). Desain perencanaan organisasi berbasis pada Pola Induk Pelayanan dan Rencana Induk Pengembangan Pelayanan (PIP-RIPP). PIP-RIPP menuntun setiap level organisasi (Sinode-Klasis-Jemaat) mendesain aktivitas dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan organisasi. Namun evolvement Pertumbuhan Organisasi memaparkan Pemilihan Desain Organisasi GPM menimbulkan ambiguitas dan uncertainty avoidance. Mengatasi ketidakpastian institusional itu diperlukan environment scanning (audit reources Internal; RBV dan audit Eksternal), strategic formulation (memetakan potensi sumber daya dan capabilities kompetitor serta capabilities organisasi GPM) serta strategic implementation (matriks luaran kebijakan serta outcome keuanggulan strategis bagi organisasi GPM yaitu Penguatan Kapasitas SDM; Konsistensi Implementasi Regulasi Organisasi; Implementasi Sistem Presbiterial Sinodal (bottom up oriented); Separation of power; Tekhnikal Assistance yang terutama untuk meningkatkan kapasitas individu dan institusi. Konsistensi implementasi regulasi organisasi berimpact pada kemandirin dan partisipasi jemaat.

Dynamic contextual challenges of church organizations motivate churches to adapt their institutional architecture to survive environmental changes. This study analyzes a church’s organizational activities through its evolvement of organizational ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance that affect the choice of its organization. The purpose of this study is to know exactly evolvement organization of GPM. To expalin how ambiguitas appearing and be managed in the design choosen organization GPM and also to know organization design can be explained uncertainty avoidance in the GPM. The study use qualitative methode with dimensi etnography with technique triangulation (observation, interviewer, documentation) interview serious with some key informers and also observation in locus of Sinode, Klasis and Congregation in GPM scope. The result study explain that, PS is strategy that organized from bottom up from CongregationKlasis-Sinode this conception is adapted by GPM to design architecture its organization, how ever by top-down approach which centralistic from Sinode-Klasis-Congregation. Siklus organization (top-down and bottom-up) be arranged in Tata Gereja and Peraturan Pokok that include (the separation of power) in structure organization level, Sinode level design strategic program (centralisation vision), Klasis design coordination program (desentralization prakarsa-Prolita Klasis) and level Congregation (desentralization prakarsa-Renstra Congregation) the planning design organization be based on centre system service and planning centre development service (PIP-RIPP). PIP-RIPP guide every level organization (Sinode-Klasis-Congregation) design activities and to implementate the policy organization. However evolvement development organization explain about choosen design organization GPM effect ambiguitas and uncertainty avoidance to overcome uncertainty institutional be needed environment scanning (audit resources internal; RBV and audit external), strategic formulation (be outline the potencial source of power and capability competitor and organizational capabilities GPM) then implementation strategic (matrics outside policy and also outcome and the better strategic to GPM organizational Church that are the strengnent capacities SDM; consitensy implementation regulation organization; implementation system Prebiterial Sinodal (bottom up oriented); separation of power; technical assistance be the main to improve individual and institutional capacities. Consistency implementation regulation organization be effect in self independency and congregation participation.