Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika PISA pada Konten Change and Relationship

Abstract

Keberhasilan siswa yang kurang optimal terhadap literasi matematika dalam PISA tentunya dikarenakan siswa mengalami kesulitan sehingga menyebabkan kesalahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa SMA dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika PISA pada konten change and relationship. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 siswa kelas X MIPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Tuntang dengan jenis kesalahan terbanyak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh ketiga subjek dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika PISA pada konten change and relationship berdasarkan NEA (Newman’s Error Analysis) pada soal nomor 1, 2, dan 3 adalah kesalahan dalam memahami soal (comprehension), kesalahan dalam mengubah permasalahan pada soal ke bentuk matematika (transformation), dan kesalahan dalam menuliskan atau menyimpulkan hasil akhir (encoding).

The success of the non-optimal students toward mathematics literacy in PISA is absolutely caused by the difficulties they had in which provoked failures and mistakes. Hence, this study investigated the types of mistakes that were done by senior high school students in doing PISA’s mathematics questions, especially in ‘change and relationship’ content. It is a descriptive qualitative study. The participants of the study were students from X Math and Science 3 of SMA Negeri 1 Tuntang with the most plenteous types of mistakes. The data were collected from tests and interview sessions. The results of this study showed that the mistakes which were done by three subjects in doing PISA’s mathematics questions written in ‘change and relationship’ content based on NEA (Newman’s Error Analysis) number 1, 2, 3 were generally the failure in comprehending questions (comprehension), the failure in changing problems mentioned in the questions into mathematic format (transformation), and the failure in writing or concluding the final results (encoding).