Model Gravitasi dan Faktor Budaya terhadap Ekspor Indonesia dengan Mitra Dagang Utamanya

Abstract

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat apakah model gravitasi dapat menggambarkan aktivitas ekspor Indonesia dengan mitra dagang terbesarnya selama periode 2010 – 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel-variabel bebas diantaranya, PDB per kapita, populasi, nilai tukar, jarak, serta indeks budaya Hofstede (indulgance, masculinity, power distance, dan uncertainty avoidance). Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel yang merupakan data time series yang digabungkan dengan data cross-section. Pooled regression digunakan dalam Penelitian ini antara lain untuk mengestimasi data cross-section dan data time series. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teori model gravitasi mampu menggambarkan aktivitas ekspor Indonesia dengan mitra dagangnya. variabel PDB per kapita, populasi, serta indeks budaya Hofstede Hofstede (indulgance, masculinity, power distance, dan uncertainty avoidance) memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor Indonesia. Kemudian, nilai tukar tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor Indonesia.

This study aims to see whether the gravity model can describe Indonesia's export activities with its largest trading partners during the 2010-2020 period. This study uses independent variables including GDP per capita, population, exchange rate, distance, and the Hofstede cultural index (indulgence, masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance). This study uses panel data which is time series data combined with cross-sectional data. Pooled regression is used in this study, among others, to estimate cross-section data and time series data. The results show that the theory of gravity model is able to describe Indonesia's export activities with its trading partners. GDP per capita, population, and Hofstede cultural index variables (indulgance, masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance) have a significant influence on the value of Indonesia's exports. Then, the exchange rate does not have a significant effect on the value of Indonesia's exports.