Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Mobil (HS 8703) Indonesia dan Thailand di Arab Saudi Tahun 2009-2018

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif ekspor mobil (HS 8703) Indonesia dan Thailand di Arab Saudi tahun 2009-2018. Analisis daya saing komparatif dilakukan menggunakan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan analisis keunggulan kompetitif dilakukan menggunakan Indeks Spesialisasi Pedangan (ISP). Perbandingan skor RCA antara Indonesia dan Thailand dilakukan menggunakan Uji MannWhitney. Untuk memperdalam analisis kompetitif, dilakukan pula analisis menggunakan pendekatan Porter’s Diamond Theory. Hasil analisis ISP menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dan Thailand dikategorikan sebagai eksportir mobil ke Arab Saudi. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa mobil Indonesia dan Thailand sama-sama memiliki daya saing di Arab Saudi. Namun, hasil uji Mann-Whitney menegaskan rata-rata rangking RCA Indonesia lebih tinggi dari Thailand pada periode tersebut. Sedangkan, hasil analisis berdasarkan pendekatan Porter’s Diamond Theory menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia masih kalah bersaing dibandingkan Thailand yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan kualitas tenaga kerja, kemajuan teknologi, serta riset dan pengembangan.

This study aims to study the comparative and competitive advantages of Indonesian and Thailand export cars (HS 8703) in Saudi Arabia during 2009-2018. Analysis of comparative competitiveness is carried using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and analysis of competitive advantage is carried by Trade Spesialization Index (TSI). The comparation of the RCA score between Indonesia and Thailand is done using the Mann-Whitney Test. To deepen the competitive analysis, the analysis is also done using the Porter's Diamond Theory approach. The result of the TSI analysis shows that Indonesia and Thailand are categorized as car exporters to Saudi Arabia. The result of the RCA analysis shows that Indonesia and Thailand cars are equally competitive in Saudi Arabia. However, the result of the Mann-Whitney test confirms that the average rank of the RCA of Indonesian is higher than Thailand during that period. Moreover, the results of the analysis based on the Porter Diamond Theory approach show that Indonesia is less competitive compared to Thailand due to differences in the quality of its workforce, technological progress, and research and development.