Adaptasi Lansia dalam Memenuhi Tugas Perkembangan Psikososial

Abstract

Lansia memiliki tugas perkembangan yang cukup krusial yaitu harus melakukan adaptasi terhadap perubahan secara fisik, psikis, sosial maupun spiritual. Adaptasi yang baik akan menghasilkan kualitas hidup yang baik pula. Dalam teori perkembangan psikososial, kualitas hidup lansia akan tampak pada keberhasilannya mencapai integritas diri atau justru keputusasaan (ego-integrity vs despair). Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana lansia beradaptasi di Panti Wredha Salib Putih dalam memenuhi tugas perkembangannya. Metode deskriptif kualitatif diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Partisipan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria partisipan lanjut usia yang telah berumur 65 tahun keatas, tinggal di Panti Wredha, lanjut usia yang sehat jasmani maupun psikis, tidak sedang bedrest total, mampu berbicara dengan jelas dan terdapat lima lansia terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan bantuan panduan wawancara yang terdiri dari pertanyaan semi-terstruktur proses adaptasi dan perkembangan psikososial ego-integrity vs despair. Hasilnya, adaptasi lansia dalam memenuhi tugas perkembangan psikososial meliputi pencapaian kebahagiaan lansia, penerimaan diri dan orang lain, adaptasi perilaku dan spiritualitas lansia. Kesimpulan, adaptasi psikososial nya, secara psikis lansia mau menyesuaikan dan lansia tidak merasa tertekan atau hubungan timbal balik antara lansia dan lingkungan itu nyaman serta secara sosial lansia bisa menerima dan diterima teman. Pengalaman-pengalaman tersebut dapat dirasakan lansia secara positif dihari tua, hal ini mampu menjadi faktor berhasilnya lansia memenuhi tugas perkembangan psikososial sehingga masuk kedalam kondisi ego-integrity.

The elderly have a fairly crucial developmental task, namely having to adapt to changes physically, psychologically, socially and spiritually. Good adaptation will produce a good quality of life as well. In the theory of psychosocial development, the quality of life ofthe elderly will be seen in their success in achieving self-integrity or even despair (ego-integrity vs despair). This study discusses how the elderly adapt at the Panti Wredha Salib Putih Nursing Home in fulfilling their developmental tasks. Qualitative descriptive method was applied in this research. Participants were determined using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of elderly participants aged 65 years and over, living in a nursing home, elderly who are physically and psychologically healthy, not on full bedrest, able to speak clearly and there were five elderly involved in this study. Data were collected using interview techniques with the help of an interview guide consisting of semi-structured questions on the process of adaptation and psychosocial development of ego-integrity vs despair. As a result, the adaptation of the elderly in fulfilling psychosocial developmental tasks includes the attainment of happinessin the elderly, acceptance ofthemselves and others, adaptation ofthe behavior and spirituality of the elderly. In conclusion, psychosocial adaptation, psychologically the elderly want to adjust and the elderly do not feel pressured or the reciprocal relationship between the elderly and the environment is comfortable and socially the elderly can accept and be accepted by friends. These experiences can be positively felt bythe elderly in their old age, this can be a factor in the success ofthe elderly in fulfilling psychosocial development tasks so that they enter a state of ego-integrity.