Profil Kesehatan, Antropometri, dan Konsumsi Penduduk Dewasa Suku Abui Desa Padang Alang

Abstract

Pendahuluan. Penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia meningkat ke tingkat yang mengkuartirkan, yang terjadi hampir di semua provinsi. Namun demikian, laju kenaikan PTM di NTT termasuk yang paling rendah. Faktor genetik dalam interaksi dengan faktor lingkungan mempengaruhi kejadian PTM, terutama penyakit-penyakit gangguan metabolik. Aspek antropometri dan fitur metabolik dapat merupakan petunjuk penting bagi potensi berkembangnya PTM. Studi ini mempelajari profil Kesehatan penduduk Suku Abui yang tinggal di Desa Padang Alang, Kab. Alor Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil pengukuran antropometri, dan konsumsi makanan pada status gizi masyarakat Desa Padang Alang. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian potong-lintang dengan 81 responden di tiga dusun di desa penelitian, yakni dusun barat (35 orang; 18♂ & 17♀), dusun selatan (26 orang; 10♂ & 16♀) dan dusun utara (18 orang; 8 ♂ & 10♀). Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas karakteristik responden, data antropometri, riwayat kesehatan, riwayat penyakit, riwayat konsumsi obat, frekuensi makan, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi sirih pinang, dan kebiasaan merokok. Data di input ke dalam lembar Excel, dianalisis secara univariat (frekuensi dan presentase) dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dengan SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian. Rentang usia 5,83± 44,10. Pendidikan mereka umumnya SD dan SMP, namun ada 3 orang (2 laki-laki, 1 perempuan), berpendidikan perguruan tinggi (D3 dan S1). Hasil pengukuran antropometri menunjukkan rata-rata IMT, 22,12 kg/m2; RLPP, 0,90 cm; dengan persentase lemak, lemak 22,72 %. Riwayat penyakit yang dialami responden yakni penyakit jantung, 1,2%; hipertensi. 3,7%; gagal ginjal kronik, 2,5%; penyakit sendi/rematik, 4,9%; penyakit lambung, 17,3%. Riwayat konsumsi obat modern yaitu obat antibiotik (obat amoksilin 22,22%, antipiretik (paracetamol 16,8%), anti-nyeri (asam mefenamat 9,9%), jenis obat tradisional yang dikonsumsi berupa daun pepaya, daun sambiloto, daun mengkudu, jahe baik sebagai obat tradisional tunggal atau pun dicampur dengan bahan lain (pucuk jambu, daun paria, kunyit, madu). Sumber makanan dari karbohidrat paling banyak dikonsumsi yakni dari beras (224,38 gram/ hari), sumber protein hewani ikan (28,96 gr/hari), sumber sayur-sayuran daun kelor (36,48 gram/hari), sawi (21,67 gr/hari), dan daun singkong (36,24 gr/hari), sumber buah-buahan yakni buah pisang (176 gr/hari). Kebiasaan minum sehari-hari terutama minuman kopi (369,13 gr/hari) dan teh (80,24 gr/hari). Alkohol dikonsumsi oleh 27 orang (33,3%) responden; terdiri atas: tuak putih (43,2%) dan moke (1,2%). Jumlah alkohol yang dikonsumsi ¼-5 gelas (26 responden;32,1%), 8-9 gelas (10 responden;12,3%). Konsumsi sirih pinang dilakukan oleh 57 responden (70,4%) dengan jumlah sirih buah segar 58 buah (71,6%) dan pinang segar 55 buah (67,9%). Kebiasaan merokok dilakukan oleh 25 responden laki-laki (30,9%) dengan jumlah batang rokok yang sering dihabiskan sebanyak 1-6 batang (16,0%), 13-18 batang s/d 19-24 batang (2,5%). Jenis rokok yang dikonsumsi yaitu lintingan (22,2%), filter (9,9%) dan kretek (23,5%). Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (a) Penyakit infeksi, saluran pernafasan, serta saluran pencernaan, merupakan penyakit dominan, di samping nyeri umum; (b) Proporsi lemak tubuh tergolong normal-bawah (22,7%), (c) Selain obat modern, warga juga mengkonsumsi sejumlah obat tradisional, (d) Konsumsi berbasis sumberdaya tradisional seperti tuak putih, dan sirih-pinang adalah praktek yang umum.

Introduction. Non-communicable diseases in Indonesia increased to a quartet level, which occurred in almost all provinces. However, the rate of increase in PTM in NTT is one of the lowest. Genetic factors in interaction with environmental factors influence the incidence of NCDs, especially metabolic disorders. Anthropometric aspects and metabolic features can be important clues for the potential for the development of PTM. This study studied the health profile of the Abui people living in Padang Alang Village, Kab. Alor, East Nusa Tenggara. Research purposes. This study aims to describe the results of anthropometric measurements and food consumption on the nutritional status of the people of Padang Alang Village. Research methods. Cross-sectional study with 81 respondents in three hamlets in the research village, namely the west hamlet (35 people; 18♂ & 17♀), south hamlet (26 people; 10♂ & 16♀) and north hamlets (18 people; 8♂ & 10♀). The data collected consisted of respondent characteristics, anthropometric data, medical history, medical history, drug consumption history, eating frequency, alcohol consumption, betel nut consumption, and smoking habits. Data were inputted into Excel sheets, analyzed univariately (frequency and percentage) and bivariate using uji chi-square with SPSS version 23. Research result. Age range 5.83 ± 44.10. Their education is generally elementary and junior high school, but there are 3 people (2 boys, 1 girl), have tertiary education (D3 and S1). The results of anthropometric measurements showed an average BMI of 22.12 kg/m2; RLPP, 0.90 cm; with the percentage of fat, fat 22.72%. History of disease experienced by respondents namely heart disease, 1.2%; hypertension. 3.7%; chronic renal failure, 2.5%; joint disease/rheumatism, 4.9%; stomach disease, 17.3%. History of consumption of modern drugs, namely antibiotics (amoxicillin 22.22%, antipyretics (paracetamol 16.8%), anti-pain (mefenamic acid 9.9%), types of traditional medicines consumed in the form of papaya leaves, bitter leaves, noni leaves , ginger either as a single traditional medicine or mixed with other ingredients (guava shoots, paria leaves, turmeric, honey). The most widely consumed food sources of carbohydrates were rice (224.38 grams/day), animal protein sources, fish (28. 96 gr/day), sources of vegetables Moringa leaves (36.48 grams/day), mustard greens (21.67 gr/day), and cassava leaves (36.24gr/day), sources of fruits, namely bananas ( 176 gr/day).Daily drinking habits, especially coffee (369.13 gr/day) and tea (80.24 gr/day).Alcohol was consumed by 27 people (33.3%) of respondents; consisting of: wine white (43.2%) and moke (1.2%) The amount of alcohol consumed ¼-5 glasses (26 respondents; 32.1%), 8-9 glasses (10 respondents; 12.3%) Betel nut consumption areca nut was carried out by 57 respondents (70.4%) with n the number of fresh betel nut 58 fruit (71.6%) and fresh areca nut 55 fruit (67.9%). Smoking habits were carried out by 25 male respondents (30.9%) with the number of cigarettes that were often consumed as many as 1-6 cigarettes (16.0%), 13-18 cigarettes to 19-24 cigarettes (2.5%)). The types of cigarettes consumed were hand-rolled (22.2%), filter (9.9%) and kretek (23.5%). Conclusion. This study concluded that: (a) Infectious diseases, respiratory tract, and digestive tract, are the dominant diseases, besides general pain; (b) The proportion of body fat is classified as normal-low (22.7%), (c) Apart from modern medicine, residents also consume a number of traditional medicines, (d) Consumption based on traditional resources such as palm wine and betel nut is a common practice.