Periode Kritis Persaingan antara Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. saccharata) dan Gulma Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil

Abstract

Budidaya tanaman jagung manis sering bermasalah dengan gulma. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan penelitian yang berada di kecamatan Ambarawa, kabupaten Semarang, pada bulan November 2021 hingga Januari 2022. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui periode kritis persaingan antara tanaman jagung manis dengan gulma. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 32 perlakuan yang terbagi atas periode bergulma dan periode bebas gulma. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun tanaman, bobot brangkasan tanaman, bobot brangkasan gulma, komposisi gulma dan kadar kemanisan jagung manis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gulma berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Periode kritis tanaman jagung manis dengan gulma terjadi pada periode umur 15–30 hari setelah tanam atau pada fase V3–V5 dan V6-V10. Gulma yang terdapat pada lahan penelitian Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica, Panicum repens L., Cyperus spp, Amaranthus spinosus dan Ageratum spp. Pengendalian gulma dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 15 sampai 30 hari setelah tanam untuk menghindari penghambatan pertumbuhan tanaman dan kehilangan hasil berupa bobot jagung manis.

Sweet corn cultivation often has problems with weeds. The research was conducted on research land located in the Ambarawa sub-district, Semarang district, from November 2021 to January 2022. The research aimed to determine the critical competition period between sweet corn and weeds. The study was conducted using 32 treatments divided into weed periods and weed-free periods. The results obtained were plant height, number of plant leaves, plant stover weight, weed stover weight, weed composition, and sweetness level of sweet corn. The results showed that weeds affected plant growth and yield. The critical period for sweet corn plants with weeds occurs at 15-30 days after planting or in phases V3-V5 and V6-V10. Weeds found in the study area Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica, Panicum repens L., Cyperus spp, Amaranthus spinosus, and Ageratum spp. Weed control is carried out when the plants are 15 to 30 days after planting to avoid inhibition of plant growth and yield loss in the form of sweet corn weight.