Korelasi Gaya Kelekatan dan Hubungan Parasosial pada Fans K-Pop di Indonesia

Abstract

Fenomena Korean Pop yang sedang ramai terjadi di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia telah menciptakan salah satu budaya baru di kalangan penggemarnya, yaitu budaya membangun hubungan parasosial dengan idola. Hubungan parasosial yang bersifat ilusi dan satu arah hanya dari sisi penggemar, dapat dilatarbelakangi oleh gaya kelekatan yang dimiliki individu selaku penggemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara 4 jenis gaya kelekatan yaitu gaya kelekatan aman, gaya kelekatan cemas, gaya kelekatan terikat, dan gaya kelekatan lepas yang dijabarkan oleh Bartholomew dan Horowitz (1991) dengan hubungan parasosial pada fans K-Pop di Indonesia. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 378 fans K-Pop dari seluruh Indonesia yang diambil dengan purposive sampling. Alat ukur untuk gaya kelekatan yaitu Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) oleh Oudenhoven, Hofstra, dan Bakker (2003) yang sudah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Fitriana dan Fitria (2016). Sedangkan hubungan parasosial diukur menggunakan Multidimensional Measure of Parasocial Relationship to a K-Pop Idol (MMPR-K-Pop) yang dikembangkan oleh Garcia, Bjork, dan Kazemitabar (2022). Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara gaya kelekatan cemas dengan hubungan parasosial (r = 0,344; p<0,05) dan antara gaya kelekatan terikat dengan hubungan parasosial (r = 0,130, p<0,05), sedangkan terdapat korelasi negatif antara gaya kelekatan aman dengan hubungan parasosial (r = -0,150; p<0,05) dan antara gaya kelekatan lepas dengan hubungan parasosial (r = -0,157; p<0,05).

The Korean Pop phenomenon that is currently happening all over the world including Indonesia has created a new culture among its fans, a culture of building parasocial relationships with their idols. Parasocial relationships that are illusory and one-sided relationships from the fan side only, could be influenced by the fans’ attachment style. This study aims to look at the relationships between the 4 types of attachment styles: secure attachment style, fearful attachment style, preoccupied attachment style, and dismissing attachment style according to Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991) with parasocial relationships among K-Pop fans in Indonesia. Samples in this study were 378 K-Pop fans from all over Indonesia who were taken with purposive sampling technique. Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) by Oudenhoven, Hofstra, and Bakker (2003) which has been adapted to Indonesian by Fitriana and Fitria (2016) were used as the tool to measure the attachment styles. Meanwhile, parasocial relationships were measured using the Multidimensional Measure of Parasocial Relationships to a K-Pop Idol (MMPR-K-Pop) developed by Garcia, Bjork, and Kazemitabar (2022). The results of this study showed that there are positive correlations between fearful attachment style (r = 0,344; p<0,05) and parasocial relationships and also between preoccupied attachment style and parasocial relationships (r = 0,130, p<0,05), while there are negative correlations between secure attachment style and parasocial relationship (r = -0,150; p<0,05) and also between dismissing attachment style and parasocial relationships (r = -0,157; p<0,05).