Tinjauan Teori Keadilan Immanuel Kant Terhadap Penolakan Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia Atas Pelaksanaan Hukuman Mati di Indonesia

Abstract

Hukuman mati menjadi pembahasan paling kontroversial di Indonesia. Disatu sisi eksekusi mati selalu menimbulkkan pandangan pro dan kontra, kelompok yang setuju terhadap hukuman mati memiliki pandangan dari sisi keadilan dan moral namun kelompok kontra, memiliki pandangan hukuman mati selalu dinilai bertentangan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia. Meskipun hukuman mati telah diatur di dalam undang-undang, namun implementasinya masih menimbulkkan perdebatan dan kontroversi. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara dan mengunnakan tehnik pengumpulan data dalam bentuk studi literature. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan permasalahan hukuman mati di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis pandangan Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia terkait penolakan praktik hukuman mati di Indonesia. Jika ditinjau dari pemikiran Immanuel Kant sebagai sumber etika dan moral dalam penelitian ini dipahami bahwa manusia adalah mahkluk yang harus mendapatkan keadilan karena itu adalah haknya. Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia telah bertanggung jawab dalam menentukan pandangannya terhadap praktik hukuman mati dengan menghormati Hak Asasi Manusia. Tindakan PGI tersebut menunjukkan bahwa PGI mewujudkan etika Kristen lewat tanggung jawab sebagai organisasi gereja. Namun, tanggung jawab tersebut tidak mewujudkan prinsip keadilan sesuai dengan pemikiran Immanuel Kant tentang hukuman mati. Kata Kunci: Hukuman Mati, Immanuel Kant, Etika, Keadilan, PGI.

The death penalty is the most controversial discussion in Indonesia. On the one hand, death execution always gives rise to pro and con views, groups that agree with the death penalty have a view of justice and morals, but groups that are against, have a view that the death penalty is always considered to be contrary to human rights. Even though the death penalty has been regulated in law, its implementation still raises debate and controversy. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, this research was carried out using the interview method and used data collection techniques in the form of a literature study. This research will be carried out by describing the problem of the death penalty in Indonesia. This research analyzes the views of the Communion of Churches in Indonesia regarding the rejection of the practice of the death penalty in Indonesia. If viewed from Immanuel Kant's thoughts as a source of ethics and morals in this research, it is understood that humans are creatures who must receive justice because it is their right. The Communion of Churches in Indonesia has been responsible for determining its views on the practice of the death penalty by respecting Human Rights. PGI's actions show that PGI embodies Christian ethics through its responsibilities as a church organization. However, this responsibility does not embody the principles of justice in accordance with Immanuel Kant's thoughts on the death penalty. Keywords: Death Penalty, Immanuel Kant, Ethics, Justice, PGI.