Analisis Rantai Nilai Komoditas Rumput Laut (Studi Pada Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat)

Abstract

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu jenis komoditas unggulan budi daya perairan dengan nilai ekonomi pasar yang kompetitif baik di pasaran dalam negeri maupun ekspor. Walaupun rumput laut dari wilayah Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat sangat potensial, namun kondisi nelayan rumput laut termarjinalkan. Untuk memahami situasi tersebut penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peta rantai nilai komoditi rumput laut, distribusi margin pemasaran dan daya tawar yang diterima oleh aktor-aktor rantai nilai komoditi rumput, serta peluang upgrading pada nelayan rumput laut di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi menggunakan panduan wawancara kepada nelayan rumput laut, pedagang pengumpul, pedagang besar dan eksportir. Hasilnya kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rantai nilai rumput laut cukup panjang dengan sistim pasar oligopsoni yang tergambar dalam tiga pola. Distribusi margin dan daya tawar yang tidak berimbang pada setiap aktor, aktor yang memperoleh distribusi margin dan daya tawar paling tinggi adalah eksportir, sedangkan aktor yang memperoleh distribusi margin dan daya tawar paling rendah adalah nelayan rumput laut. Upaya upgrading bagi nelayan dapat dilakukan pada lini proses. Analisis SWOT menemukan kurangnya keahlian nelayan rumput laut pada proses produksi dan pasca panen, terjadi hubungan patront clien antara pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang besar serta usaha budi daya rumput laut memiliki prospek pengembangan yang baik.

Seaweed constitutes one of preeminent aquaculture commodities which has a well competitive market value, both in domestic and export markets. Even though seaweed outcome from the region of Western Seram Regency is highly potential, however the condition of seaweed farmers is still marginalized. This research was carried out in order to understand better about the situation. The objective of this research was to identify the value chain map of seaweed commodity, distribution of marketing margins, and bargaining power had by the actors of value chain for seaweed commodity, as well as upgrading opportunity for the seaweed farmers in Western Seram Regency. This research employed qualitative method through interviews and observations by using interview guidelines toward seaweed farmers, the gatherer merchants, wholesalers, and exporters. Afterward the results were discussed descriptively. The research findings showed that the value chain of seaweed commodity was quite long with the oligopsony market system drawn in three patterns. Margin distribution and bargaining power was imbalanced in each actor. Exporter was the actor who obtained the highest margin distribution and bargaining power, whereas seaweed farmers only gained the lowest ones. Upgrading effort for seaweed farmers can be done in the line process. SWOT analysis found the lack of expertise in part of seaweed farmers in the production process and post-harvesting, there was a patron client relationship between the gatherer merchants and the wholesalers, and the effort of seaweed aquaculture has a good development prospect.