Karakterisasi dan Komposisi Kimia Minyak Biji Alkesa (Pouteria campechiana)

Abstract

The objectives of the research are: Firstly, to produce optimal canistel (Pouteria campechiana) seed oil as revealed by the length of time extraction. Secondly, to characterize the physico-chemical of canistel seed oil produced. Thirdly, to isolate and to identify the chemical composition of the canistel seed oil. The determination of physico-chemical canistel seed oil was carried out based on SNI 01-3555-1998. The isolation and identification of chemical composition of canistel seed oil was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Data of yield and physico-chemical of canistel seed oil were analyzed by Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), 4 treatments and 6 replications. As the treatment is the extraction time which are 4.5; 6; 7.5; and 9 hours, respectively, while the time of analysis as a block. The results showed that the length of time extraction of canistel seed oil optimal at 7.5 hours is 4.81 ± 0.56 %. Long time extraction effect on yield, moisture content of oil, peroxide and saponification value. In contrary, there is no effect on the acid value of canistel seed oil. The main components of canistel seed oil are methyl 9-octadecenoic 73,89 %, hexadecanoic acid 24,42 %, heptadecanoic acid 5,48 %, and pentadecanoic acid 0.52 %, respectively. The results of GC-MS showed that the neutral lipid fraction of canistel seed oil consists of 4 main components namely 6-octadecenoic acid 58.76 %, hexadecanoic acid 24.42 %, octadecanoic acid 11.08 %, and eicosanoic acid 2.04 %, while the glycolipid fraction: 9-octadecenoic acid 60.40 %, hexadecanoic acid 16.33 %, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid 11.13 %, and octadecanoic acid 7.99 %. And the phospholipid fractions are: 9-octadecenoic acid 50.19 %, hexadecanoic acid 17.52 %, and 8,11-octadecadienoic acid 16.82 %